中國衛(wèi)生部與美國衛(wèi)生與公眾服務(wù)部共同支持的“中美創(chuàng)建無煙工作場所伙伴項(xiàng)目”于2012年9月7日在北京正式啟動(dòng),。9月27日,，衛(wèi)生部副部長黃潔夫和美國衛(wèi)生與公眾服務(wù)部副部長高京柱在《環(huán)球時(shí)報(bào)》與環(huán)球網(wǎng)聯(lián)合發(fā)表署名文章《降低煙草危害，中美創(chuàng)建無煙工作場所伙伴項(xiàng)目》,。中英文全文如下：

降低煙草危害 中美創(chuàng)建無煙工作場所伙伴項(xiàng)目

    作者：黃潔夫/高京柱

　　黃潔夫：中國衛(wèi)生部副部長

　　高京柱：美國衛(wèi)生與公眾服務(wù)部副部長

　　中美創(chuàng)建無煙工作場所伙伴項(xiàng)目于2012年9月7日在北京啟動(dòng)了,。這一公立-私立伙伴關(guān)系是中美兩國在控?zé)燁I(lǐng)域的一個(gè)新合作，目的主要是將中國無煙工作場所的范圍進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大,。項(xiàng)目也是展示中美兩國在承諾實(shí)現(xiàn)聯(lián)合國非傳染性疾病高級別會議眾多目標(biāo)方面邁出的重要一步,。在聯(lián)合國那次會議上，確認(rèn)了很多非傳染性疾病都是因?yàn)闊煵菔褂脤?dǎo)致的,，它已經(jīng)成為全球衛(wèi)生的一個(gè)主要挑戰(zhàn),。

煙草使用是中美兩國主要的可預(yù)防致死和致病因素，全球每年有600萬人因此死亡,，其中60萬死于二手煙暴露,。美國每年約有44.3萬人死于煙草相關(guān)疾病（包括二手煙暴露）,。中國每年有超過100萬人死于吸煙相關(guān)疾病,，其中約有10萬人死于二手煙危害,。

中國近幾年在煙草控制方面取得了重大進(jìn)展。不久前,，中國衛(wèi)生部發(fā)布了《中國吸煙危害健康報(bào)告》,，得到了世界衛(wèi)生組織的高度贊揚(yáng)。這一具有里程碑意義的報(bào)告闡述了目前中國煙草控制形勢的嚴(yán)峻性：每年有超過100萬人死于吸煙相關(guān)疾病,。今年早些時(shí)候,，比爾和梅林達(dá)•蓋茨基金會和中國百度公司共同發(fā)起了“被吸煙，我不干”活動(dòng),，中國每年約有10萬人死于二手煙危害的事實(shí)再次引起了廣泛關(guān)注,。

　　為減少煙草使用的巨大危害，我們兩國均在加強(qiáng)煙草控制方面采取了相應(yīng)措施,。中國于2003年加入世界衛(wèi)生組織《煙草控制框架公約》（FCTC）,。2006年1月該公約在中國正式生效。從那時(shí)起,，中國國內(nèi)開展了一系列健康教育活動(dòng),，根據(jù)公約要求修訂了相關(guān)法規(guī)。2009年,，中國衛(wèi)生部同其他三個(gè)政府機(jī)構(gòu)合作,，共同發(fā)起了創(chuàng)建無煙醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生系統(tǒng)活動(dòng)。衛(wèi)生部與教育部合作,，開展創(chuàng)建無煙校園活動(dòng),。此后，室內(nèi)無煙場所的范圍開始逐步擴(kuò)大,。

　　煙草控制寫入了中國“十二五”規(guī)劃中,。一些直轄市和大城市已經(jīng)通過了煙草控制地方性法規(guī)，衛(wèi)生部也設(shè)立了戒煙咨詢熱線電話以推動(dòng)戒煙,。從四年前至現(xiàn)在,，中國持續(xù)開展了煙草控制大眾傳播活動(dòng)，發(fā)表了超過4萬篇文章和新聞報(bào)道,。這些活動(dòng)極大地提高了大眾對吸煙相關(guān)危害的認(rèn)識,。

　　美國政府也在進(jìn)行同樣的努力。2010年,，美國衛(wèi)生與公眾服務(wù)部（HHS）發(fā)布了有史以來第一份國家煙草控制策略規(guī)劃—《結(jié)束煙草流行》,。這一策略規(guī)劃的發(fā)布促動(dòng)HHS和美國政府發(fā)起了一系列空前的活動(dòng)，使得戒煙服務(wù)的可及性提高,，工作人員對二手煙的暴露下降,。

　　2011年7月，HHS把現(xiàn)有保護(hù)員工,、合同工和訪問者健康的無煙政策進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大,，禁止在HHS所有設(shè)施內(nèi)及其附近的任何地方,，包括附近的停車場和和私人車輛中使用任何煙草產(chǎn)品。美國人事管理辦公室（負(fù)責(zé)美國政府部門人力資源相關(guān)事務(wù)）發(fā)布了新政策：從2011年起,，把現(xiàn)有戒煙治療服務(wù)保險(xiǎn)擴(kuò)大至所有現(xiàn)有和退休雇員以及他們的家屬,。除此以外，美國聯(lián)邦政府也在針對公眾的,、全國煙草健康教育行動(dòng)中投入了大量資源,。今年早些時(shí)候，美國疾病預(yù)防控制中心啟動(dòng)了一個(gè)具有里程碑意義的國家廣告運(yùn)動(dòng),，把同吸煙相關(guān)疾病的殘酷現(xiàn)實(shí)呈現(xiàn)在大眾眼前,。這一運(yùn)動(dòng)使美國戒煙服務(wù)熱線“1-800-戒煙-現(xiàn)在開始”增加了大約20萬個(gè)咨詢電話、戒煙網(wǎng)站smokefree.gov（幫助人們戒煙的一個(gè)聯(lián)邦政府網(wǎng)站）多出了50萬次訪問,。

　　而且,，為接觸到更多年輕人，HHS同美國學(xué)術(shù)機(jī)構(gòu)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)層合作,，推動(dòng)全國范圍內(nèi)無煙草或無煙校園數(shù)量的增加,。“無煙高等校園行動(dòng)”推動(dòng)并支持全國大學(xué)、學(xué)院和其他高等專業(yè)教育機(jī)構(gòu)實(shí)施無煙政策,。

　　中美兩國在煙草控制研究和煙草監(jiān)測方面已有多年合作,。最近，美國國立癌癥研究所同中國相關(guān)研究機(jī)構(gòu)合作,，啟動(dòng)了九個(gè)同煙草相關(guān)的研究項(xiàng)目,，關(guān)注煙草控制的不同方面：包括煙草控制的能力建設(shè)，城市和農(nóng)村地區(qū)吸煙人群的不同行為風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素,，多民族人群煙草使用中的文化作用和煙草和癌癥風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等。2010年,，在同世界衛(wèi)生組織的合作下,，美國疾病預(yù)防控制中心同中國疾病預(yù)防控制中心2010年聯(lián)合在中國開展了全球成人煙草調(diào)查，這是煙草監(jiān)測中非常重要的工具,。調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)在中國衛(wèi)生部近期發(fā)布的報(bào)告中有所體現(xiàn),。兩國還希望明年在中國開展第一次全球青少年煙草調(diào)查，以了解年輕一代的想法和對煙草使用的看法,。

　　我們認(rèn)為中美創(chuàng)建無煙工作場所伙伴項(xiàng)目是兩國加強(qiáng)在降低煙草危害方面進(jìn)一步合作的關(guān)鍵一步,。同我們之前的伙伴關(guān)系項(xiàng)目不同的是，這是一個(gè)多部門參與的公立,、私立伙伴關(guān)系,，包括了中美兩國具有創(chuàng)建和支持無煙工作場所的衛(wèi)生機(jī)構(gòu)和具有實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)的企業(yè)。在合作伙伴的幫助下,，我們已經(jīng)征集到了一些關(guān)鍵企業(yè)的參與,，共同營造有利于控?zé)煹纳鐣諊?。這一項(xiàng)目將在接下來的一年時(shí)間中支持企業(yè)為創(chuàng)建無煙工作環(huán)境而努力。

在企業(yè)的幫助下,，我們希望能大大減少二手煙暴露,，提高公眾對煙草危害的認(rèn)知，并鼓勵(lì)戒煙,。我們相信這一項(xiàng)目不僅會使工作場所變得更健康,，也會促使整個(gè)社會環(huán)境的改變。我們希望能共同努力,，創(chuàng)建一個(gè)無煙世界,。

The China-US Partnership on Smoke-free Workplaces

Dr. Huang Jiefu and Dr. Howard Koh

　　On September 7, 2012, the China-U.S. Smoke-free Workplace Initiative – a public-private partnership that is the next cooperative effort on tobacco control between the U.S. and China – launched in Beijing. The new initiative aims to expand the number of smoke and tobacco free worksites throughout China. This latest effort demonstrates China’s and the United States’ commitment to moving forward on one of the many goals of the recent United Nations High Level Meeting on Non-Communicable Diseases. That meeting identified non-communicable diseases, many of which are caused by tobacco use, as a major global health challenge.

　　Tobacco use is the leading cause of preventable death and disease in the U.S. and China, and it kills six million people each year worldwide. Of these deaths, 600,000 are due to second-hand smoke. Tobacco use is estimated to cause 443,000 deaths annually (including deaths from secondhand smoke) in the United States. In China, more than 1 million people die from tobacco use annually with 100,000 of those deaths coming from second-hand smoke.

　　China has made significant strides in tobacco control in recent years. Most recently China has been praised by the World Health Organization for the Ministry of Health’s release of the “China Report on the Health Hazards of Smoking.” This landmark report already has drawn attention to the severity of the tobacco situation in China, where more than one million people die from tobacco use each year. Earlier this year the “Say No to Forced Smoking” campaign, launched by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and web services corporation Baidu, drew significant attention to the 100,000 annual deaths caused by second-hand smoke in China.

　　Committed to reducing the devastating effects of tobacco use, China and the United States both have made progress toward enhanced tobacco control. China ratified the World Health Organization’s Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) in 2003 and enacted it in January 2006. Since then, health education campaigns have been carried out throughout China and relevant regulations have been revised in support of the FCTC goals. In 2009, the Ministry of Health (MOH), in collaboration with three other government partners, launched an initiative that establishes a tobacco-free health system. Working with the Ministry of Education, the MOH also established tobacco-free schools and, since then, smoke-free indoor spaces have gradually expanded.

　　Tobacco control was included in China’s 12th Five Year Plan. Some municipalities and big cities already have passed tobacco control legislation and the MOH also established a national hotline to promote smoking cessation. Since the launch four years ago of a continuous mass media campaign, more than 40,000 news stories on tobacco control have been published, which has greatly increased the public’s knowledge on the related harm of smoking.

　　A reinvigoration of national efforts has occurred in the U.S. as well. In 2010, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) unveiled its first-ever national strategic plan for tobacco control entitled, “Ending the Tobacco Epidemic.” The strategic plan already has led to an unprecedented set of actions throughout HHS and the U.S. government which, in turn, have increased access to tobacco cessation services while decreasing workers’ exposure to second-hand smoke.

　　In July 2011, HHS expanded its existing smoke-free policy to protect the health of its employees, contractors, and visitors by prohibiting the use of any tobacco product in or near all of its facilities, including in nearby parking lots and in private vehicles on the premises. The U.S. Office of Personnel Management, which is the human resources arm of the U.S. government, adopted a groundbreaking new policy: starting in 2011, it expanded tobacco cessation treatment coverage for all current and retired U.S. government employees and their dependents. In addition, the U.S. federal government is also making substantial investments in national tobacco education campaigns designed to engage the public. Earlier this year, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S. CDC) launched a landmark national advertising campaign that depicted the harsh realities of tobacco related illness. The campaign generated more than 200,000 additional calls to the 1-800-QUIT-NOW portal that links callers to their state tobacco cessation quitlines and more than 500,000 additional visitors to smokefree.gov, a federal website that helps people quit smoking.

　　Furthermore, in an effort to reach young adults, HHS collaborated with leaders of U.S. academic institutions to increase the number of tobacco-or smoke-free campuses nationwide. The Tobacco-Free College Campus Initiative promotes and supports the adoption and implementation of tobacco-free policies at universities, colleges, and other institutions of higher learning.

　　Collectively, the U.S. and China have worked together on tobacco control research and tobacco surveillance for many years. Most recently, in collaboration with Chinese research institutions, the U.S. National Cancer Institute (NCI) initiated nine tobacco-related research grants in China to look at different aspects of tobacco control. Some of those aspects include capacity building for tobacco control; behavioral risk factors for smoking among rural versus urban populations; the role of culture in tobacco usage among multiethnic populations; and tobacco and cancer risk. In collaboration with the WHO, the U.S. CDC and China CDC in 2010 jointly conducted the most recent Global Adult Tobacco Survey in China, an important tool in tobacco surveillance. Data from this survey informed the most recent MOH tobacco report. The two countries hope to conduct the first Global Youth Tobacco Survey in China next year, which will provide insight into the younger generation’s perception and usage of tobacco.

　　We view the China-U.S. Smoke-free Workplace Initiative as an exciting next step to further our cooperative efforts to reduce tobacco harm. The CUSW is unique from our previous partnerships in that it is a multi-sectoral, public-private partnership that combines the health expertise of the Chinese and U.S. health agencies with the workplace experience of businesses to create and support smoke-free workspaces. With help from our partners, we already have key businesses that have joined the initiative and are helping to make a positive change. The CUSW Initiative will support companies as they take steps to go smoke-free during the next year.